Third-Year
Student Symposium Schedule
Third-Year
Student Symposium Schedule
MAY 5, 2007
8:00am
Soleus Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Compared to Peripheral Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation (Ladoceur)
Jared Carter West/Track
Gretchen Daumen Thompson/Softball
Matt Husnik Lawler/Rowing
8:30am
Effects of Knee Joint Angle on Isometric Knee Flexor Strength Testing (Williams)
Mindy Bormann Haynes/Football
Kellie Pierce West/Track
Wade Soenksen Thompson/Field Hockey
9:00am
Perceived Social Support on Athlete’s Resilience Following Athletic Injury (Yang)
Emily Benz McHenry-White/HS-Soccer
Jenna Ashton Halpin/Baseball
9:30am
ACL Injury Prevention in Collegiate Women’s Basketball Athletes (Pursley/Sertterh)
Jackie Alvis Sertterh/Women’s Basketball
Jessica Fox Leusch/Football
Katie Niebuhr Federici/Football
10:00am
Osteomyelitis in an Athlete with Persistent Leg Pain (Wilson)
Dana Koehn Branch/Volleyball
10:30am
Dance Injuries Related to Classes, Rehearsals, and Performance (Foster)
Kat Hurd Fravel/Swimming
Arica Ohloff Doyle/Wrestling
Carter J, Daumen G, Husnik M. Soleus Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Compared to Peripheral Cutaneous Electrical Stimulation (Researcher: Michel Ladoceur - Integrative Physiology)
ABSTRACT:
Context: It has been observed that resistance training can influence strength gains during the first few weeks of training. These new gains are not muscular in nature, but rather neural adaptations. There is evidence that supports the research that these changes within the nervous system contribute to increased improvements with force production in the trained muscles. Objective: To compare the results of both trained and untrained subjects to the response of the soleus with Transcranial magnetic simulation (TMS) and peripheral electrical stimulation (PES) to determine if the stimulus causes changes to occur in either the motor cortex or the descending cortical pathways. Design: Experimental, pre-test, post-test design. Setting: University Gait Lab. Intervention(s): Participant obtained by means of active plantar flexion for maximal EMG activity of the soleus. Two (2) trials of sustained maximal plantar flexion were recorded and the higher of the two established maximal force production. Two (2) trials PES stimulation were delivered, one at rest and one with background contraction, automatically from intensities of 20% threshold and 100% of stimulator output, at six to eight second random intensities for a total of 60 stimulations; with a two minute rest in between trials. Two (2) trials of the TMS stimulation were delivered, one at rest and one with background contraction, with stimulations delivered every six to eight seconds with intensities ranging from 5% to 100% for a total of 60 stimulations. Main Outcome Measure(s): PES at rest, PES with background contraction, TMS at rest, and TMS with background contraction. Results: For rest: average trained Hmax/Mmax: 53.44, average untrained Hmax/Mmax: 64.47, Average trained MEP 0.71, average untrained MEP 0.33, average trained MEPmax/Mmax 3.88, average untrained MEPmax/Mmax 2.90, trained slope 0.15, untrained slope 0.20. For active: average trained V60: 60.08, average untrained V60: 80.14, average trained Hmax/Mmax: 52.98, average untrained Hmax/Mmax: 56.87, average trained MEP: 0.95, average untrained MEP 0.76, average trained MEPmax/Mmax 6.93, average untrained MEPmax/Mmax: 5.44, trained slope: 0.25, untrained slope: 0.23. Trained participants did not have any change with Hmax or MEP max when compared to the untrained participant. Conclusions: There are no consistent trends between the responses of trained versus untrained subjects. These results suggest that no conclusions can be made from this study.
Key Words: transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), peripheral electrical stimulation (PES), muscular adaptation, resistance training, electromyography (EMS)
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Bormann M, Pierce K, Soenksen W. Effects of Knee Joint Angle on Isometric Knee Flexor Strength Testing. (Researcher: Glenn Williams – Rehabilitation Sciences)
ABSTRACT:
Introduction: There has been an increasing amount of ACL injuries sustained by active individuals annually in the last few years. Semitendinosis/Gracilis hamstring graft has recently become significantly more common procedure in reconstructing ruptured ACLs. The use of this type of graft may predispose the patient to a decrease in knee flexor strength. Common procedure to measure strength clinically is to perform isometric strength tests. These must be performed quickly and effectively to determine overall strength of a muscle group. Isometric knee flexor strength testing is important for evaluation of surgical intervention, progress of rehabilitation, and return to activity criteria. This study is aimed at trying to determine if knee joint angle has any effect on isometric knee flexor strength testing. We hypothesize that there should be no difference in side to side mean or maximum peak torque ratio at each knee angle tested. Methods: Ten active volunteers (5 male, 5 female) 18 to 45 years of age with no history of major knee/thigh injury or surgery were recruited. Subjects were tested performing isometric knee flexion on CSMI HUMAC Norm Testing & Rehabilitation System. Knee flexor strength was tested bilaterally at knee angles of 30, 60, and 90 degrees of flexion with hip flexion maintained at 90 degrees. Testing was randomized with side tested and angle of flexion to minimize bias effects of testing order. Testing was performed with subjects performing 4 isometric sub-maximal flexion trials to familiarize themselves with the process. Subjects had a two minute rest after these trials before beginning data collecting trials. Volunteers then performed 3 isometric flexor maximal effort trials held for 5 seconds each. Each trial was separated by 2 minute rest periods to decrease fatigue. After testing is completed at one angle subject’s leg was repositioned and the same procedures were carried out at the remaining two knee angles. Following completion of all three angles on one leg subjects were tested on the opposite leg in the same fashion. Maximum peak torque values and torque averages in (N·m) were recorded from HUMAC with custom written software. Torque data was normalized with gravity correction according to weight of the limb at varying at angles. Results: Data of peak torque was similar when maximal peak torque was compared to mean peak torque. No significant side to side difference was seen by assessing data using maximal peak torque method (Χ2r = .600, df = 2, P = .741) or mean peak torque method (Χ2r = .200, df = 2, P = .905). Knee angles of 30° and 60° showed similar magnitudes of peak torque values. Peak torque produced at 90° of knee flexion was markedly decreased. Discussion: Results from testing support the conclusion that valid knee flexor strength testing can conducted at the same angle as optimal knee extensor strength testing (60°-70°). Positioning of the leg at this angle should give a accurate representation of isometric strength of knee flexors without having to reposition the knee to knee flexor optimal angle of 30°. Limitations of this study include small sample population and activity level as well as isolation of medial and lateral knee flexors.
Key words: ACL, hamstring
strength, isometric strength testing
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Benz E, Ashton J. Perceived Social Support on Athlete’s Resilience Following Athletic Injury. (Researcher: Ginger Yang – Public Health)
ABSTRACT:
Objective: To describe the prevalence of symptoms of depression among a sample of competitive collegiate student-athletes and examine relationships between symptoms of depression and student athletes’ characteristics including gender, race, in state versus out of state residency, year in school, age, injury history, and history of depression in this population. Methods: We used the existing data collected through the study entitled, Perceived Social Support on Athlete’s Resilience Following Athletic Injury. A total of 125 sample student-athletes from University of Iowa were included in the analysis. The symptoms of depression were measured using The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD). Numbers and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Means and standard deviations were calculated for continuous variables. The prevalence of symptoms of depression was composed by gender, injury history, residence status, and year in school. The associations between symptoms of depression and student-athletes’ characteristics including gender, injury history, residence status, and year in school were detected by a chi-square tests. The significance level was set at α=.05 level. Results: A total of 125 participants were included in the analysis. Participants were 73% male and 27% female with an average age of 19.9 years. A greater portion of females than males experienced symptoms of depression (29.4% and 18.7%, respectively; X2=1.68, ns). It was proved significant that a greater portion of out of state residents experienced symptoms of depression (46% versus 54%) as well as those with injury history (58% having past history versus 42% without injury history). The association between symptoms of depression and year in school proved to be not significant. Conclusion: Athletic injuries have a noted negative effect of the physical and psychological health of student athletes. Depression is a main contributor to the recovery process. It could stem from differences in gender, in state versus out of state residence, and injury history. Although this is only a small portion of this extensive study, a long term goal is to identify interventions that target the source of depression in these student-athletes and to facilitate their recovery in return to play.
Key Words: depression, collegiate athlete, prevalence, psychological support
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Alvis J, Fox J, Niebuhr K. ACL Injury Prevention in Collegiate Women’s Basketball Athletes. (Researchers: Paul Pursley-Rehabilitation Therapies; Jennie Sertterh-Athletic Training)
ABSTRACT:
Background: Female athletes are at 4- to 6-times more likely to injure their ACL than males when participating in the same sports. Typical movements in basketball, such as jump-stopping, cutting, and sudden deceleration, are common mechanisms of ACL injury. It has been suggested that high valgus knee angles (abduction) puts the ACL in tension and increases the risk of injury. By implementing a program that focuses on decreasing valgus movement of the knee, through training and verbal feedback, females will develop improved landing mechanics and decrease their possibility of noncontact ACL injury. Study Design: Treatment Study/Descriptive Study. Methods: Ten members of the Iowa Women’s Basketball Team participated in 9 training sessions that focused on jumping and balancing. Following the final program session three athletes were selected to have their drop vertical jump video recorded. They were selected based on their jumping mechanics. Three anatomical landmarks were tracked by analyzing the video using Hu-m-an (Human Movement Analysis), data was then entered into Excel. Results: When comparing the athletes against each other, Athlete number 3 landed with the least amount of valgus movement, athlete number 1 landed with the most valgus movement for both landings.
Conclusion: No conclusive results can be drawn due to many limitations of this study. The preliminary video data prior to the prevention program was of poor quality and could not be analyzed. Therefore there is no way to compare results following the prevention program. The results we have demonstrate that better landing mechanics have less valgus knee movement, and none of the female athletes that participated in the study injured their ACL this season. Clinical Relevance: Incorporating a neuromuscular/plyometric training program for female basketball players could possibly reduce their risk of ACL injury.
Keywords: neuromuscular training, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), injury prevention, female athlete.
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Koehn D. Osteomyelitis in an Athlete with Persistent Leg Pain. (Researcher: Andrea Wilson-Orthopaedics & Rehabilitation)
ABSTRACT:
Objective: The main objectives of this case study and retrospective literature review was to identify and compare clinical presentation, physical exam techniques, and imaging studies of osteomyelitis with more common orthopedic injuries. In addition, we evaluated the outcomes after treatment and rehabilitation for ostoemyelitis in order to establish current clinical standards. Background: Osteomyelitis is a severe bone infection caused by a variety of pyogenic organisms. Original plain films were negative, however days later results of an MRI were positive. Osteomyelitis, though rare has given prevalence in adolescent males to females 2:1 and occurred most frequently in the long bones of the lower extremity. The most common cause of osteomyelitis has been open fractures resulting from direct trauma. Differential Diagnosis: The differential diagnosis included stress fractures, and septic arthritis. Treatment: Treatment of infected bone depended on staging of the infection. The Cierny and Mader four stage system was most commonly used for long bone osteomyelitis staging. Treatment often included surgical debridement, management of dead space, followed by organism-specific intravenous antibiotic therapy. MRI imaging studies were preferred over plain films to help with early diagnosis. In order to better identify suspected cases of osteomyelitis clinicians have recommended considering it as a possible diagnosis when a patient has not responded to mainstream care. Uniqueness: This unique case of chronic osteomyelitis presented with persistent distal tibia pain with no known trauma or open wound in the affected limb. Conclusion: In conclusion, osteomyelitis has been known for its difficult diagnosis due to nonspecific clinical presentation, further research needs to be done to form concrete clinical standards for diagnosis and subsequent management.
Key Words: Bone, Infection, Stress Fractures, Septic Arthritis
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Hurd K, Ohloff A. Dance Injuries Related to Classes, Rehearsals, and Performance. (Researcher: Dan Foster-Integrative Physiology)
ABSTRACT:
Context: Very little research has been conducted on the injury rates and prevalence in modern dance. All existing injury studies are related to the demands of a professional ballet career. There is currently no published research on the injury rates of collegiate or conservatory modern dancers. Objective: To determine injury prevalence in student-dancer injuries at a university with emphasis on dance class load and requirements, performances, and rehearsal schedule; as well as compare the injury rates of professional modern dancers with that of college modern dancers. Design: A prospective survey study for two cohorts, student dancers enrolled in a modern technique class at the University of Iowa and professional dancers employed by the River North Dance Company. Data collection for the first survey occurred from October 15- October 31, 2006, with collection dates for the second survey from December 1- December 15, 2006. Subjects: Student dancers enrolled in a modern dance technique class at the University of Iowa and professional dancers employed by River North Dance Company were eligible to participate in the study. Results: Student dancers accounted for 75% of all acute injuries and 72% of all chronic injuries. Within the sample of students, all reported at least one injury during the period of the study.72% of all reported injuries, both student and professional, involved the lower extremity, and 39% of all reported injuries were chronic in nature. Conclusion: The results of this study are indicative of the fact that student dancers have limited resources for injury prevention and management. Their injury rate was slightly higher than that of the professionals, but their lack of resources puts them at a disadvantage and increases their risk for re-injury.
Key Words: modern dance, student, professional, technique, acute and chronic injury
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